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Vitamin B3, Niacin, NiacinamideNiacin Metabolism Niacin is rapidly absorbed in the proximal small intestine by passive diffusion Chemistry Niacin is synthesized from tryptophan with B1, B2 and B6 60 mg of tryptophan yields 1 mg of niacin Biochemistry essential componnet of NAD (redox reactions) essential component of NADPH (fatty acid and steroid synthesis) involved in the pentose phosphate shunt (ribose synthesis) coenzyme for dehydrogenases (alcohol detoxification and others) niacin is a precursor of glucose tolerance factor NADH is an activated form of the B vitamin niacin. Functions niacinamide protects islet cells from oxidative damage Niacin causes release of histamine Requirements RDA - 13-18 mg, pregnancy 15 mg, lactation - 18 mg Optimal - 100 mg Sources beef liver, tuna, light meat chicken, swordfish, salmon, halibut Toxicity flushing and nausea are usually the first sign of toxicity avoid time release form - has caused liver toxicity contraindicated with Xoloft and other SSRI's Deficiency Pellagra chronic wasting disease dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death dermatitis is due to photosensitivity diarrhea from widespread inflammation of the mucous surfaces EENT inflammation of mucous membranes beefy red tongue Neurology irritability, headaches, insomnia Dermatology dermatitis Gastroenterology glossitis, stomatitis, diarrhea, proctitis, abdominal pain, dysphagia Psychology mental depression Gynecology vaginitis, amenorrhea Endemic disease The endemic disease is usually associated with a high intake of maize (American corn) or of millet (sorghum, jowar) Hartnup disease an inherited disorder in which several amino acids including tryptophan are absorbed poorly from the diet Therapeutics, niacin Endocrine diabetes mellitus - precursor of GTF (niacin only) Cardiology hypercholesterolemia (niacin only) - large doses Neurology insomnia, migraines multiple sclerosis, Bell's palsy, trigeminal neuralgia, tardive dyskinesia Gynecology dysmenorrhea Psychology smoking cessation Therapeutics, niacinamide Metabolism crosses the blood brain barrier more readily than niacin Musculoskeletal osteoarthritis - improves joint mobility Neurology alzheimer's disease - NADH may increase dopamine production Psychology schizophrenia - 1g qd x 2 yrs theory - may reduce toxic affects of hallucinogenic adrenochrome anxiety - associated with hypoglycemia and diabetes depression - reduces tryptophan depletion Dermatology acne - 4% topical cream shown to be more effective than clindamycin Endocrinology diabetes mellitus - protects islet cells and ATP generation Therapeutics, inositol hexoniacinate IP-6 Biochemistry niacin bound to six phosphates, does not cause flushing Vascular Raynaud's - gentle, long-term vasodilation intermittent claudication
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Fantastic new books! CAM Therapies has studies on natural therapies for over 100 diseases. CAM Labs lists lab tests for 100 diseases. Nutritional Genetics is a fantastic resource.
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